विभिन्न पूर्वसर्गीय वाक्यांश (Various Prepositional Phrases)
Overview
इस लेख में हम अंग्रेजी के एक महत्त्वपूर्ण अध्याय के बारे में जानेंगे - Various Prepositional Phrases, in Hindi (हिंदी में)
नोटइस अध्याय से सम्बंधित, अन्य विषयों के बारे में जानने के लिए आप हमारे निम्नलिखित लेख पढ़ सकते हैं:
इस लेख में, हम विभिन्न पूर्वसर्गीय वाक्यांशों (Prepositional Phrases) और उनके उपयोगों का अध्ययन करेंगे।
पूर्वसर्गीय वाक्यांश क्या होते हैं? (What are Prepositional Phrases?)
एक पूर्वसर्गीय वाक्यांश (prepositional phrase) शब्दों का एक समूह है जिसमें निम्न शामिल हैं:
- एक पूर्वसर्ग (preposition),
- पूर्वसर्गीय object (prepositional object), और
- कोई अन्य शब्द जो पूर्वसर्गीय object को संशोधित करता है।
तो संरचना-वार, एक वाक्यांश जिसमें मुख्य कण (main particle) के रूप में कोई पूर्वसर्ग होता है, एक पूर्वसर्गीय वाक्यांश (Prepositional Phrase) कहलाता है।
एक वाक्य में, कोई पूर्वसर्गीय वाक्यांश निम्नलिखित में से कोई कार्य कर सकता है:
- क्रिया विशेषण वाक्यांश (adverbial phrase) की तरह, या
- विशेषण वाक्यांश (adjectival phrase) की तरह।
कुछ सामान्य पूर्वसर्गीय वाक्यांश (Some common Prepositional Phrases)
According to
According to – जैसा कि कहा गया है / किसी की राय में (as stated by / in the opinion of)
According to the pre-nuptial, you will have to provide her 25% of your savings.
नोटइसका उपयोग 'me' या 'us' के साथ नहीं किया जा सकता है। (यदि किया जाता है, तो इसे एक छोटी त्रुटि माना जाता है)
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों की तुलना करें:
We acted according to your order.
We acted in accordance with your order.
By dint of
By dint of – के बल से, के कारणवश (by force of, because of)
I won the race by dint of hard work.
In case of
In case of – की स्थिति में (in the event of)
Do give me a call in case of emergency.
By virtue of
By virtue of – के अधिकार के द्वारा (by the authority of)
Azerbaijan defeated Armenia by virtue of superior air power.
Owing to
Owing to – इसका मोटे तौर पर अर्थ है 'due to (के कारण)'
लेकिन 'owning to' और 'due to' के बीच कुछ मामूली अंतर हैं:
हमें 'due to' नहीं बल्कि 'owing to' का उपयोग करके कोई वाक्य शुरू करना चाहिए।
Due to snowfall, my bike skidded on the road. (गलत)
Owing to snowfall, my bike skidded on the road. (सही)हम 'be' (यानी is/was/were/are, आदि) के बाद 'due to' का उपयोग करते हैं ('owning to' के बजाय)
The crash was owing to engine failure. (गलत)
The crash was due to engine failure. (सही)
With reference to
With reference to – के संबंध में, के संदर्भ में (in relation to, in context of)
I guess it is with reference to the UFO incident that happened in 2019.
In order to
In order to – के उद्देश्य के लिए (for the purpose of)
We have to raise $2.5 million in order to keep our company financially buoyant.
In the course of
In the course of – एक निश्चित अवधि/गतिविधि के दौरान (during a certain period/activity)
He surely made a lot of friends, as well as foes, in the course of his life.
On behalf of
On behalf of – के प्रतिनिधि के रूप में (as a representative of)
Sacha Baron Cohen received the award on behalf of his wife.
By means of
By means of – के उपयोग के माध्यम से (through the use of)
They have looted many people by means of white-collar crimes.
For the sake of
For the sake of – के हेतु, in order to (यह उद्देश्य को इंगित करता है)
Stop drinking for the sake of your kids.
In favour of
In favour of – के लाभ के लिए (to the benefit of)
He voted in favour of an alt-right party.
In lieu of
In lieu of – के स्थान पर (in the place of)
I got only Rs. 5,000 in lieu of my insurance claim.
On account of
On account of – के कारण (by reason of)
You are being fired on account of your negligence.
In relation to
In relation to – के संबंध में, के संदर्भ में (in connection with, in the context of)
There is some confusion among students in relation to the new rules.
Made of / Made from
Made of – जब मूल सामग्री को वापस लिया जा सकता है।
Made from – जब मूल सामग्री को वापस नहीं लिया जा सकता है।
Do you know that paper is made of wood. (गलत)
Do you know that paper is made from wood. (सही)
Everyone knows that butter is made of milk. (गलत)
Everyone knows that butter is made from milk. (सही)
Your chair is made from wood. (गलत)
Your chair is made of wood. (सही)
Deal in / Deal out / Deal with
Deal in - ट्रेड करने के लिए (to trade)
Deal with – हैंडल करना / वर्णन करना (to handle / describe)
Deal out – वितरित करने के लिए (to distribute)
We deal in gold and silver.
The book deals with the pathetic plight of the poor in Asia.
It is very difficult to deal with a person like you.
All the pamphlets will be dealt out tomorrow.
Compare to / Compare with
Compare to – विभिन्न चीजों के मामले में।
Compare with – समान चीजों के मामले में।
Many philosophers have compared life with a pilgrimage. (गलत)
Many philosophers have compared life to a pilgrimage. (सही; जीवन और तीर्थ अलग-अलग चीजें हैं)
Christianity cannot be compared to Buddhism. (गलत)
Christianity cannot be compared with Buddhism. (सही; ईसाई और बौद्ध दोनों ही धर्म हैं)
Differ from / with / on
Differ from – गुणवत्ता/रंग/आकार/आकार/ (quality/colour/shape/size)...... के मामले में (भौतिक चीजों में अंतर)
Differ with – राय (opinions) के मामले में
Differ + on + “point”
Your house differs with mine in many ways. (गलत)
Your house differs from mine in many ways. (सही; घर एक भौतिक वस्तु है)
I beg to differ with you on the issue of counter-insurgency. (सही; मेरी राय आपसे अलग है)
Many economists differ on the cause of inflation. (सही; वे मुद्रास्फीति के बिंदु पर भिन्न हैं)
Many economists differ with one another on the cause of inflation. (सही; उनकी राय अलग है)
Agree + with/to/on
Agree with – व्यक्तियों के मामले में
Agree to + request / proposal
Agree + on + “point”
Do you agree to me on this issue. (गलत)
Do you agree with me on this issue. (सही; किसी व्यक्ति से समझौते की बात हो रही है)
Our manager can’t agree with your proposal. (गलत; प्रस्ताव कोई व्यक्ति नहीं है)
Our manager can’t agree to your proposal. (सही)
We couldn’t agree on what to buy. (सही; खरीद के मुद्दे पर सहमति की बात हो रही है)
Beside the mark/point और Beside oneself with
Beside the mark / point – प्रासंगिक नहीं (not relevant)
Beside oneself with – किसी भाव से भर जाना (to be filled with some emotion)
Your comments are beside the mark. (सही; आपकी बातें प्रासंगिक नहीं हैं)
When Sardar Patel died, everyone was beside himself with grief.
Part
Part from
Part from - किसी व्यक्ति से या किसी चीज़ से पृथक होना (व्यक्ति के मामले में)
I have parted from that institute.
Part with
Part with – कब्जे (possession) के मामले में
A miser can never part from his wealth. (गलत)
A miser can never part with his wealth. (सही)
Part company with
Part company with – रिश्ता खत्म करने के लिए (To end a relationship)
Honda will part company with Hero group of industries.
Part in/of
Part in/of – का हिस्सा बनने के लिए (to be a part of)
I want no part in/of your crazy plans.
Part and parcel of
Part and parcel of – आवश्यक होना (यह एक मुहावरा, idiom है)
Teaching is part and parcel of my life.
Apart from
Apart from – को छोड़कर / के अलावा (excluding / in addition to)
He answered all the questions apart from the last one. (यानी छोड़कर)
Apart from a bike I also had a car. (अर्थात इसके अतिरिक्त)
Blind in/to
Blind in – आँख खोने के सन्दर्भ में (To lose one eye)
Blind to – अज्ञानी होने के सन्दर्भ में (To be ignorant)
He is blind in one eye.
नोटयदि व्यक्ति दोनों आंखों से नहीं देख सकता है, तो हम सिर्फ blind का ही प्रयोग करेंगे।
He is blind.
Your mother is blind to your ill manners.
Absorbed / Engrossed / Soaked in
Absorbed / Engrossed / Soaked + in – का अर्थ है किसी चीज़ में तल्लीन होना
Soaked with – किसी चीज से गीला होना
We are absorbed in our studies.
Your clothes are soaked with blood.
on time / in time
on time / in (good) time / at times / at all times / at a time
on time – नियत समय पर (at an appointed time)
in (good) time – पर्याप्त रूप से जल्दी (sufficiently early)
at times – कभी-कभी (sometimes)
at all times - हमेशा (always)
at a time – समय की एक विशेष अवधि के दौरान (during a particular duration of time)
Everyone is requested to come on time tomorrow.
I want to be home in time for tea.
At times she becomes very violent.
I stand by you at all times.
I can do only one thing at a time.
Please speak one at a time, not all at once.
Tired of / Tired from
Tired of - मानसिक थकान की स्थिति में
Tired from – शारीरिक थकान होने पर
We are tired of this repeated conversation.
He seems to be tired from running here and there.
cash in on / zero in on / go in for
cash in on – लाभ कमाने के लिए (to make profit)
zero in on – ध्यान केंद्रित करने, या लक्षित करने के लिए (to concentrate/focus, or aim)
go in for – चुनने के लिए, या किसी गतिविधि में भाग लेने के लिए (to opt or like to take part in an activity)
You don’t know how to cash in on the crisis.
Zero in on your studies.
We don’t go in for cricket much.
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